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Euclid of Megara
Euclid of Megara (; also Euclides, Eucleides; (ギリシア語:Εὐκλείδης); c. 435 – c. 365 BCE〔"As a conjecture some scholars locate the life-span of Euclid between 435 and 365 BCE." Giovanni Reale, John R. Catan, (1987), ''A History of Ancient Philosophy'', page 373. SUNY Press〕) was a Greek Socratic philosopher who founded the Megarian school of philosophy. He was a pupil of Socrates in the late 5th century BCE, and was present at his death. He held the supreme good to be one, eternal and unchangeable, and denied the existence of anything contrary to the good. Editors and translators in the Middle Ages often confused him with Euclid of Alexandria when discussing the latter's ''Elements''.
==Life==
Euclid was born in Megara,〔Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 106; Cicero, ''Academica'', ii. 42; Aulus Gellius, vii. 10. 1-4; Plato, ''Phaedo'', 59B-C; Strabo, ix. 1. 8; although, according to Diogenes Laërtius, others called him a native "of Gela, as Alexander states in his ''Successions of Philosophers''"〕 but in Athens he became a follower of Socrates. So eager was he to hear the teaching and discourse of Socrates, that when, for a time, Athens had a ban on any citizen of Megara entering the city, Euclid would sneak into Athens after nightfall, disguised as a woman to hear him speak.〔Aulus Gellius, vii. 10. 1-4〕 He is represented in the preface of Plato's ''Theaetetus'' as being responsible for writing down the conversation between Socrates and the young Theaetetus many years earlier. Socrates is also supposed to have reproved Euclid for his fondness for eristic disputes.〔Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 30〕 He was present at Socrates' death (399 BCE),〔Plato, ''Phaedo'', 59B-C〕 after which Euclid returned to Megara, where he offered refuge to Plato and other frightened pupils of Socrates.〔Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 106; iii. 6〕
In Megara, Euclid founded a school of philosophy which became known as the Megarian school, and which flourished for about a century. Euclid's pupils were said to have been Ichthyas,〔Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 112〕 the second leader of the Megarian school; Eubulides of Miletus;〔Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 108〕 Clinomachus;〔Suda, ''Sokrates''; cf. Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 112〕 and Thrasymachus of Corinth.〔Diogenes Laërtius, ii. 113〕 Thrasymachus was a teacher of Stilpo, who was the teacher of Zeno of Citium, the founder of the Stoic school.
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